In this camera design, the image formed by the lens is reflected by a mirror inside the camera, up into a reflecting prism (‘pentaprism’) and on to a focussing screen. You view the image on the focussing screen through the camera eyepiece.
The ‘single lens’ part comes from the fact you are viewing and taking the image through the same lens, and the ‘reflex’ comes from the mirror, which flips up out of the way at the moment of exposure so that the image falls instead upon the film or sensor at the back of the camera.
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